Bash — Directories

Directory operations

#!/bin/bash

mkdir -p dir/subdir    # Create directories
rmdir dir              # Remove empty directory
rm -rf dir             # Remove directory and contents
cp -r src dest         # Copy directory
mv src dest            # Move/rename directory

Navigation

#!/bin/bash

cd /path           # Change directory
cd ..              # Go up one level
cd ~               # Go to home
cd -               # Go to previous directory
pwd                # Print working directory

Listing

#!/bin/bash

ls                 # List files
ls -la             # List with details
ls -lh             # Human-readable sizes
ls -lt             # Sort by time
ls -lS             # Sort by size
tree               # Directory tree

Directory info

#!/bin/bash

du -sh *           # Directory sizes
du -sh dir         # Specific directory
df -h              # Disk space
find . -type d     # Find directories

Mini Practice

Write Bash code that:

1. Creates a nested directory structure
2. Lists directories with tree
3. Checks disk usage with du
4. Navigates with cd shortcuts

Up Next

In the next lesson, you'll learn about Permissions — file and directory permissions.