Bash — If Else

Basic if

#!/bin/bash

x=10

if [ $x -gt 5 ]; then
    echo "x is greater than 5"
fi

if-else

#!/bin/bash

x=3

if [ $x -gt 5 ]; then
    echo "x is greater than 5"
else
    echo "x is not greater than 5"
fi

if-elif-else

#!/bin/bash

score=85

if [ $score -ge 90 ]; then
    echo "Grade: A"
elif [ $score -ge 80 ]; then
    echo "Grade: B"
elif [ $score -ge 70 ]; then
    echo "Grade: C"
else
    echo "Grade: F"
fi

case statement

#!/bin/bash

day="Monday"

case $day in
    Monday)
        echo "Start of week"
        ;;
    Friday)
        echo "Almost weekend"
        ;;
    Saturday|Sunday)
        echo "Weekend!"
        ;;
    *)
        echo "Midweek"
        ;;
esac

Combining conditions

#!/bin/bash

age=25
income=50000

if [ $age -ge 18 ] && [ $income -ge 30000 ]; then
    echo "Qualifies for premium"
fi

if [ $age -lt 12 ] || [ $age -gt 65 ]; then
    echo "Discounted ticket"
fi

File checks

#!/bin/bash

file="test.txt"

if [ -f "$file" ]; then
    echo "File exists"
elif [ -d "$file" ]; then
    echo "Directory exists"
else
    echo "Not found"
fi

Mini Practice

Write Bash code that:

1. Uses if-elif-else for grade classification
2. Uses case for day of week
3. Combines conditions with && and ||
4. Checks if a file exists

Up Next

In the next lesson, you'll learn about For Loops — iterating with for in Bash.